The three layers of the skin are: epidermis (outer layer), dermis (middle layer), and subcutaneous (innermost layer) .

Types of closed soft tissue injuries include:

• Contusion
• Strain
• Hematoma and edema
• Dislocation
• Sprain
• Crush injury

Types of open soft tissue injuries include:

• Laceration
• Abrasion
• Avulsion
• Amputation

Factors to consider in assessing MOI include speed, type/size, direction and other evidence.

The statement that best explains kinetic energy as it relates to MOI is SPEED KILLS.

The steps for assessing CMS status are:

• Check circulation by palpating the pulse distal to the point of injury and check skin color and/or capillary refill time
• Evaluate motor function by asking the patient to wiggle fingers or toes
• Assess the patient’s ability to sense light touch

Care for a patient with a closed soft tissue injury includes:

• Reassure patient
• Immobilize or splint if indicated
• Apply ice or cold pack
• Elevate the extremity

Care for a patient with an open soft tissue injury includes:

• Consider the need for ALS
• Provide supplemental oxygen and/or ventilatory assistance, if needed
• Assess level of consciousness
• Maintain an open airway
• Ensure adequate breathing
• Control bleeding
• Maintain normal body temperature
• Monitor vital signs
• Stabilize the cervical spine, if indicated